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Purchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott® Connect title includes lifetime access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments.

An essential preparation book for the ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist examination, ACSM’s Resources for the Exercise Physiologist, 3rd Edition, is an essential volume for certification candidates and practicing Exercise Physiologists looking to boost their exam confidence and achieve success in practice. This updated edition is fully aligned with the eleventh edition of ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription and reflects the most current standards and practices in exercise physiology. 
 
Published by the American College of Sports Medicine, this practical resource is organized around the scope of ACSM-EP practice domains. A clear introduction to understanding exercise, physical activity, and pre-exercise screening opens the book, followed by thorough coverage of assessment and programming for healthy populations, assessment and programming for special populations, counseling and behavioral strategies for encouraging exercises, and legal, management and professional issues relevant to practice.

• Updated content aligned with the 11th edition of ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription prepares students for exam success and equips prospective and practicing EPs with the foundation for confident, competent clinical practice.
• Chapter objectives keep students focused on essential information.
• Case Studies provide essential practice applying knowledge to commonly encountered scenarios.

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• Lifetime access to the digital version of the book with the ability to highlight and take notes on key passages for a more personal, efficient study experience.
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Table of contents

xi
Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgments vii
Contributors viii
Reviewers x
PART I: Overview 1
1 Understanding Physical Activity and Exercise 2
Defining Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness 3
Historic Trends in Physical Activity 7
Ancient Times and the Rise of Exercise Physiology 7
T.K. Cureton and the Physical Fitness Movement 7
Historical Evolution of Physical Activity Epidemiology 8
Development of Physical Activity Guidelines and Recommendations 9
Relationship between Physical Activity/Exercise and Health across the Lifespan 12
Physical Activity and Health in Children and Adolescents 13
Physical Activity and Health in Adults 15
Physical Activity and Health in Older Adults 18
Physical Activity and Health in Women during Pregnancy and during the Postpartum Period 18
Physical Activity and Health in Adults with Chronic Conditions and Adults with Disabilities 18
General Risks Associated with Physical Activity/Exercise 19
Risks of Sudden Cardiac Death 20
The Risk of Cardiac Events during Exercise Testing 20
Musculoskeletal Injury Associated with Exercise 20
2 Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening Guidelines 29
Importance of Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening 30
History of Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening 31
Levels of Screening 31
Self-Guided Screening 32
? PHYSICAL ACTIVITY READINESS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EVERYONE 32
? EPARMED-X PHYSICIAN CLEARANCE FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONNAIRE 32
Professionally Supervised Screening 37
? INFORMED CONSENT 37
? HEALTH HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE 39
? MEDICAL EXAMINATION/CLEARANCE 39
? PREPARTICIPATION PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SCREENING PROCESS 39
Physical Activity (or Exercise) History 46
Known Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and/or Renal Disease 46
ACSM Major Signs or Symptoms Suggestive of Cardiovascular Disease 46
When Should You Seek Medical Clearance? 48
American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Risk Stratification 49
Challenges of ACSM Preparticipation Physical Activity Screening 49
Recommendations versus Requirements 50xii
Contraindications to Exercise Testing 51
What Does Contraindication Really Mean? 52
Absolute versus Relative 52
Repurposing Risk Factor Assessment and Management 52
ACSM Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Assessment and Defining Criteria 52
PART II: Assessments and Exercise Programming for Apparently
Healthy Participants 59
3 Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments and Exercise Programming for
Apparently Healthy Participants 60
Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems as They Relate to
Cardiorespiratory Fitness 61
Goal of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems 61
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems 61
Adenosine Triphosphate Production 62
Overview of Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Graded Exercise of Conditioned and
Unconditioned Participants 64
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics during Submaximal Single-Intensity Exercise 64
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics during Graded Intensity Exercise 65
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference Response to Graded Intensity Exercise 66
Heart Rate, Stroke Volume, and Cardiac Output Responses to Graded Intensity Exercise 66
Pulmonary Ventilation Response to Graded Intensity Exercise 67
Blood Pressure Response to Graded Intensity Exercise 67
Measuring Blood Pressure and Heart Rate before, during, and after Graded Exercise 68
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Assessment 68
Rate Pressure Product 69
Selecting Appropriate Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments for Healthy Populations 70
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments Benefits 70
Types of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments 70
Selecting the Appropriate Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment 71
Interpreting Results of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments, Including Determination of
V ?
O
2
and V ?
O
2max
76
Metabolic Calculations as They Relate to Cardiorespiratory Exercise Programming 77
Energy Units and Conversion Factors 77
ACSM Metabolic Formula 82
? EXAMPLES 83
FITT Framework for the Development of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Apparently
Healthy People 84
Frequency 85
Intensity 85
Time 85
Type 86
Additional Variables 86
Volume 86
Progression 86
? PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD 86
? REVERSIBILITY 86
? INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 87
? SPECIFICITY OF TRAINING 87
Safe and Effective Exercises Designed to Enhance Cardiorespiratory Fitness 87
Interval Training 89
Contentsxiii
Determining Exercise Intensity 89
Heart Rate Reserve Method 90
Peak Heart Rate Method 90
Peak V
?
O
2
Method 90
Peak Metabolic Equivalent Method 91
V
?
O
2
Reserve Method 91
Talk Test Method 91
Perceived Exertion Method 92
Abnormal Responses to Exercise 92
Contraindications to Cardiovascular Training Exercises 93
Effect of Common Medications on Cardiorespiratory Exercise 93
Signs and Symptoms of Common Musculoskeletal Injuries Associated with
Cardiorespiratory Exercise 93
Effects of Heat, Cold, or High Altitude on the Physiological Response to Exercise 94
Heat Stress 95
Cold Stress 95
Altitude 95
Acclimatization When Exercising in a Hot, Cold, or High-Altitude Environment 96
4 Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance Assessments and Exercise
Programming for Apparently Healthy Participants 103
Basic Structure and Function 105
Muscle Fiber Types and Recruitment 105
Types of Muscle Action 106
Assessment Protocols 108
Assessing Muscular Strength 109
Assessing Muscular Endurance 110
Fundamental Principles of Resistance Training 111
Principle of Progression 111
Principle of Regularity 112
Principle of Overload 113
Principle of Creativity 113
Principle of Enjoyment 113
Principle of Specificity 114
Principle of Supervision 115
Program Design Considerations 115
Types of Resistance Training 116
? DYNAMIC CONSTANT EXTERNAL RESISTANCE TRAINING 116
? ISOKINETICS 117
? PLYOMETRIC TRAINING 118
Modes of Resistance Training 119
Safety Concerns 121
Resistance Training Program Variables 123
Type of Exercise 124
Order of Exercise 125
Training Intensity 125
Training Volume 126
Rest Intervals between Sets 127
Repetition Velocity 127
Training Frequency 127
Periodization 128
General Recommendations 129
Contentsxiv
5 Flexibility Assessments and Exercise Programming for Apparently Healthy
Participants 136
Basic Principles of Flexibility 137
Factors Affecting Flexibility 137
Modes of Flexibility Training 139
Static Flexibility 139
Ballistic Flexibility 140
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation 140
Dynamic Flexibility 142
Muscle and Tendon Proprioceptors 144
Flexibility Assessment Protocols 145
Goniometers and Inclinometers 145
Flexibility Program Design 153
Overall Range of Motion Recommendations 154
6 Functional Movement Assessments and Exercise Programming for Apparently
Healthy Participants 175
Sensorimotor Control 176
Motor Learning 176
Proprioception 176
Stability and Mobility 177
Mediators of the Proprioception, Mobility, and Stability 180
Overweight and Obesity and Physical Inactivity 180
Propensity for Inhibition of Stabilizing Muscles 180
Previous Injury and Pain 180
Everyday Posture and Limited Variety of Movement 181
Joint Structure 181
Age 182
What Is Neutral Position and Why Is It so Important? 182
Assessment and Prescription 183
Establishing a Movement Baseline 183
? ASSESSMENT OF STATIC NEUTRAL POSTURE 183
Plumb Line Assessment 183
Wall Test 183
Progressive Approach to Developing Postural Awareness 183
? INTEGRATIVE ASSESSMENTS AND CORRECTIONS 185
Wall Plank-and-Roll 185
Teaching How to Brace 185
Diaphragmatic Breathing Assessment and Corrective Methods 186
Rolling Patterns: Assessment and Correction 187
? ADDRESSING ALIGNMENT ISSUES 191
Instability Training 193
Self-Myofascial Release and Stretching 194
Lifestyle Recommendations 197
7 Body Composition and Weight Management 200
Anthropometric Measurements 201
Height and Weight 202
Body Mass Index 202
? CIRCUMFERENCE MEASURES 204
Contentsxv
Measuring Body Composition 206
? SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS 207
? BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE 209
? LABORATORY METHODS FOR MEASURING BODY COMPOSITION 211
Weight Management 213
Energy Balance 213
Preventing Weight Gain 217
Treatment of Obesity 217
FITT Recommendations 217
Training Considerations 218
Weight Loss Goals 219