Table of Contents

1. Cover
2. Halftitle Page
3. Title Page
4. Copyright Page
5. Dedication Page
6. Preface
7. Acknowledgments
8. CONTENTS
9. 1 Methods
10. OVERVIEW OF METHODS USED IN HISTOLOGY
11. TISSUE PREPARATION
12. Folder 1.1 Clinical Correlation: Frozen Sections
13. HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY
14. Folder 1.2 Clinical Correlation: Frozen Sections
15. Folder 1.3 Functional Considerations: Feulgen Microspectrophotometry
16. MICROSCOPY
17. Folder 1.4 Functional Considerations: Proper Use of the Light Microscope
18. HISTOLOGY
19. 2 Cell Cytoplasm
20. OVERVIEW OF THE CELL AND CYTOPLASM
21. MEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES
22. Folder 2.1 Clinical Correlation: Lysosomal Storage Diseases
23. NONMEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES
24. Folder 2.2 Clinical Correlation: Abnormalities in Microtubules and Filaments
25. INCLUSIONS
26. Folder 2.3 Clinical Correlation: Abnormal Duplication of Centrioles and Cancer
27. CYTOPLASMIC MATRIX
28. HISTOLOGY
29. 3 The Cell Nucleus
30. OVERVIEW OF THE NUCLEUS
31. NUCLEAR COMPONENTS
32. Folder 3.1 Clinical Correlation: Cytogenetic Testing
33. Folder 3.2 Clinical Correlation: Regulation of Cell Cycle and Cancer Treatment
34. CELL RENEWAL
35. CELL CYCLE
36. CELL DEATH
37. HISTOLOGY
38. 4 Tissues: Concept and Classification
39. OVERVIEW OF TISSUES
40. EPITHELIUM
41. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
42. MUSCLE TISSUE
43. NERVE TISSUE
44. HISTOGENESIS OF TISSUES
45. Folder 4.1 Clinical Correlation: Ovarian Teratomas
46. IDENTIFYING TISSUES
47. HISTOLOGY
48. 5 Epithelial Tissue
49. OVERVIEW OF EPITHELIAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
50. CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIUM
51. CELL POLARITY
52. THE APICAL DOMAIN AND ITS MODIFICATIONS
53. Folder 5.1 Clinical Correlation: Epithelial Metaplasia
54. Folder 5.2 Clinical Correlation: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome)
55. THE LATERAL DOMAIN AND ITS SPECIALIZATIONS IN CELL-TO-CELL ADHESION
56. Folder 5.3 Clinical Correlation: Junctional Complexes as a Target of Pathogenic Agents
57. THE BASAL DOMAIN AND ITS SPECIALIZATIONS IN CELL-TO-EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ADHESION
58. Folder 5.4 Functional Considerations: Basement Membrane and Basal Lamina Terminology
59. GLANDS
60. EPITHELIAL–MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION
61. EPITHELIAL CELL RENEWAL
62. Folder 5.5 Functional Considerations: Mucous and Serous Membranes
63. HISTOLOGY
64. PLATE 5.1 Simple Squamous and Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
65. PLATE 5.2 Simple and Stratified Epithelia
66. PLATE 5.3 Stratified Epithelia and Epithelioid Tissues
67. 6 Connective Tissue
68. OVERVIEW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
69. EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
70. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
71. CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS
72. Folder 6.1 Clinical Correlation: Collagenopathies
73. Folder 6.2 Clinical Correlation: Sun Exposure and Molecular Changes in Photoaged Skin
74. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
75. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
76. Folder 6.3 Clinical Correlation: Role of Myofibroblasts in Wound Repair
77. Folder 6.4 Functional Considerations: The Mononuclear Phagocyte System
78. Folder 6.5 Clinical Correlation: The Role of Mast Cells and Basophils in Allergic Reactions
79. HISTOLOGY
80. PLATE 6.1 Loose and Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
81. PLATE 6.2 Dense Regular Connective Tissue, Tendons, and Ligaments
82. PLATE 6.3 Elastic Fibers and Elastic Lamellae
83. 7 Cartilage
84. OVERVIEW OF CARTILAGE
85. HYALINE CARTILAGE
86. Folder 7.1 Clinical Correlation: Osteoarthritis
87. ELASTIC CARTILAGE
88. FIBROCARTILAGE
89. CHONDROGENESIS AND CARTILAGE GROWTH
90. Folder 7.2 Clinical Correlation: Malignant Tumors of the Cartilage: Chondrosarcomas
91. REPAIR OF HYALINE CARTILAGE
92. HISTOLOGY
93. PLATE 7.1 Hyaline Cartilage
94. PLATE 7.2 Hyaline Cartilage and the Developing Skeleton
95. PLATE 7.3 Elastic Cartilage
96. PLATE 7.4 Fibrocartilage
97. 8 Bone
98. OVERVIEW OF BONE
99. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF BONES
100. Folder 8.1 Clinical Correlation: Joint Diseases
101. TYPES OF BONE TISSUE
102. CELLS OF BONE TISSUE
103. Folder 8.2 Clinical Correlation: Osteoporosis
104. BONE FORMATION
105. BIOLOGIC MINERALIZATION AND MATRIX VESICLES
106. BONE AS A TARGET OF ENDOCRINE HORMONES AND AS AN ENDOCRINE ORGAN
107. BIOLOGY OF BONE REPAIR
108. Folder 8.3 Clinical Correlation: Nutritional Factors in Bone Formation
109. Folder 8.4 Functional Considerations: Hormonal Regulation of Bone Growth
110. HISTOLOGY
111. PLATE 8.1 Bone, Ground Section
112. PLATE 8.2 Bone and Bone Tissue
113. PLATE 8.3 Endochondral Bone Formation I
114. PLATE 8.4 Endochondral Bone Formation II
115. PLATE 8.5 Intramembranous Bone Formation
116. 9 Adipose Tissue
117. OVERVIEW OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
118. WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE
119. BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE
120. Folder 9.1 Clinical Correlation: Obesity
121. Folder 9.2 Clinical Correlation: Adipose Tissue Tumors
122. Folder 9.3 Clinical Correlation: PET Scanning and Brown Adipose Tissue Interference
123. BEIGE ADIPOSE TISSUE
124. TRANSDIFFERENTIATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
125. HISTOLOGY
126. PLATE 9.1 Adipose Tissue
127. 10 Blood
128. OVERVIEW OF BLOOD
129. PLASMA
130. ERYTHROCYTES
131. Folder 10.1 Clinical Correlation: ABO and Rh Blood Group Systems
132. LEUKOCYTES
133. Folder 10.2 Clinical Correlation: Hemoglobin in Patients With Diabetes
134. Folder 10.3 Clinical Correlation: Hemoglobin Disorders
135. Folder 10.4 Clinical Correlation: Inherited Disorders of Neutrophils; Chronic Granulomatous Disease
136. Folder 10.5 Clinical Correlation: Hemoglobin Breakdown and Jaundice
137. THROMBOCYTES
138. COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
139. FORMATION OF BLOOD CELLS (HEMOPOIESIS)
140. BONE MARROW
141. Folder 10.6 Clinical Correlation: Cellularity of the Bone Marrow
142. HISTOLOGY
143. PLATE 10.1 Erythrocytes and Granulocytes
144. PLATE 10.2 Agranulocytes and Red Marrow
145. PLATE 10.3 Erythropoiesis
146. PLATE 10.4 Granulopoiesis
147. 11 Muscle Tissue
148. OVERVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLE
149. SKELETAL MUSCLE
150. Folder 11.1 Functional Considerations: Muscle Metabolism and Ischemia
151. Folder 11.2 Clinical Correlation: Muscular Dystrophies—Dystrophin and Dystrophin-Associated Proteins
152. Folder 11.3 Clinical Correlation: Myasthenia Gravis
153. CARDIAC MUSCLE
154. SMOOTH MUSCLE
155. Folder 11.4 Functional Considerations: Comparison of the Three Muscle Types
156. HISTOLOGY
157. PLATE 11.1 Skeletal Muscle I
158. PLATE 11.2 Skeletal Muscle II and Electron Microscopy
159. PLATE 11.3 Myotendinous Junction
160. PLATE 11.4 Cardiac Muscle
161. PLATE 11.5 Cardiac Muscle, Purkinje Fibers
162. PLATE 11.6 Smooth Muscle
163. 12 Nerve Tissue
164. OVERVIEW OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
165. COMPOSITION OF NERVE TISSUE
166. THE NEURON
167. Folder 12.1 Clinical Correlation: Parkinson Disease
168. SUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: THE NEUROGLIA
169. Folder 12.2 Clinical Correlation: Demyelinating Diseases / 406
170. ORIGIN OF NERVE TISSUE CELLS
171. ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
172. ORGANIZATION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
173. ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
174. RESPONSE OF NEURONS TO INJURY
175. Folder 12.3 Clinical Correlation: Reactive Gliosis: Scar Formation in the Central Nervous System
176. Folder 12.4 Clinical Correlation: Cognitive Impairments After COVID-19 Infections
177. HISTOLOGY
178. PLATE 12.1 Sympathetic and Dorsal Root Ganglia
179. PLATE 12.2 Peripheral Nerve
180. PLATE 12.3 Cerebrum
181. PLATE 12.4 Cerebellum
182. PLATE 12.5 Spinal Cord
183. 13 Cardiovascular System
184. OVERVIEW OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
185. HEART
186. GENERAL FEATURES OF ARTERIES AND VEINS
187. Folder 13.1 Clinical Correlation: Atherosclerosis
188. Folder 13.2 Clinical Correlation: Hypertension
189. ARTERIES
190. CAPILLARIES
191. ARTERIOVENOUS SHUNTS
192. VEINS
193. ATYPICAL BLOOD VESSELS
194. Folder 13.3 Clinical Correlation: Coronary Heart Disease
195. LYMPHATIC VESSELS
196. HISTOLOGY
197. PLATE 13.1 Heart
198. PLATE 13.2 Aorta
199. PLATE 13.3 Muscular Arteries and Medium Veins
200. PLATE 13.4 Arterioles, Venules, and Lymphatic Vessels
201. 14 Immune System and Lymphatic Tissues and Organs
202. OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
203. CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
204. Folder 14.1 Functional Considerations: Origin of the Names T Lymphocyte and B Lymphocyte
205. Folder 14.2 Clinical Correlation: Hypersensitivity Reactions
206. LYMPHATIC TISSUES AND ORGANS
207. DIFFUSE LYMPHATIC TISSUE AND LYMPHATIC NODULES
208. Folder 14.3 Clinical Correlation: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
209. LYMPH NODES
210. Folder 14.4 Clinical Correlation: Reactive (Inflammatory) Lymphadenitis
211. THYMUS
212. SPLEEN
213. HISTOLOGY
214. PLATE 14.1 Palatine Tonsil
215. PLATE 14.2 Lymph Node I
216. PLATE 14.3 Lymph Node II
217. PLATE 14.4 Spleen I
218. PLATE 14.5 Spleen II
219. PLATE 14.6 Thymus
220. 15 Integumentary System
221. OVERVIEW OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
222. SKIN
223. EPIDERMIS
224. CELLS OF THE EPIDERMIS
225. DERMIS
226. Folder 15.1 Clinical Correlation: Cancers of Epidermal Origin
227. CELLS OF THE DERMIS
228. HYPODERMIS
229. SENSORY NERVE RECEPTORS OF THE SKIN
230. Folder 15.2 Clinical Correlation: Mohs Micrographic Surgery
231. EPIDERMAL SKIN APPENDAGES
232. Folder 15.3 Functional Considerations: Skin Color
233. Folder 15.4 Clinical Correlation: Clinical Significance of Skin Color Variation
234. Folder 15.5 Functional Considerations: Hair Growth and Hair Characteristics
235. Folder 15.6 Clinical Correlation: Sweating and Disease
236. Folder 15.7 Clinical Correlation: Skin Repair
237. SKIN AGING
238. HISTOLOGY
239. PLATE 15.1 Skin I
240. PLATE 15.2 Skin II
241. PLATE 15.3 Apocrine and Eccrine Sweat Glands
242. PLATE 15.4 Sweat and Sebaceous Glands
243. PLATE 15.5 Integument and Sensory Organs
244. PLATE 15.6 Hair Follicle and Nail
245. 16 Digestive System I: Oral Cavity and Associated Structures
246. OVERVIEW OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
247. ORAL CAVITY
248. TONGUE
249. Folder 16.1 Clinical Correlation: The Genetic Basis of Taste
250. TEETH AND SUPPORTING TISSUES
251. Folder 16.2 Clinical Correlation: Classification of Permanent (Secondary) and Deciduous (Primary) Dentition
252. SALIVARY GLANDS
253. Folder 16.3 Clinical Correlation: Dental Caries
254. Folder 16.4 Clinical Correlation: Salivary Gland Tumors
255. HISTOLOGY
256. PLATE 16.1 Lip and Mucocutaneous Junction
257. PLATE 16.2 Tongue I
258. PLATE 16.3 Tongue II—Foliate Papillae and Taste Buds
259. PLATE 16.4 Submandibular Gland
260. PLATE 16.5 Parotid Gland
261. PLATE 16.6 Sublingual Gland
262. 17 Digestive System II: Esophagus and Gastrointestinal Tract
263. OVERVIEW OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
264. ESOPHAGUS
265. STOMACH
266. Folder 17.1 Clinical Correlation: Pernicious Anemia and Peptic Ulcer Disease
267. Folder 17.2 Clinical Correlation: Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome
268. Folder 17.3 Functional Considerations: The Gastrointestinal Endocrine System
269. SMALL INTESTINE
270. Folder 17.4 Functional Considerations: Digestive and Absorptive Functions of Enterocytes
271. Folder 17.5 Functional Considerations: Immune Functions of the Alimentary Canal
272. LARGE INTESTINE
273. Folder 17.6 Clinical Correlation: The Pattern of Lymph Vessel Distribution and Diseases of the Large Intestine
274. Folder 17.7 Clinical Correlation: Colorectal Cancer
275. HISTOLOGY
276. PLATE 17.1 Esophagus
277. PLATE 17.2 Esophagus and Stomach, Cardiac Region
278. PLATE 17.3 Stomach I
279. PLATE 17.4 Stomach II
280. PLATE 17.5 Gastroduodenal Junction
281. PLATE 17.6 Duodenum
282. PLATE 17.7 Jejunum
283. PLATE 17.8 Ileum
284. PLATE 17.9 Colon
285. PLATE 17.10 Appendix
286. PLATE 17.11 Anal Canal
287. 18 Digestive System III: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
288. LIVER
289. Folder 18.1 Clinical Correlation: Lipoproteins
290. Folder 18.2 Clinical Correlation: Congestive Heart Failure, Acetaminophen Overdose, and Liver Necrosis
291. GALLBLADDER
292. PANCREAS
293. Folder 18.3 Clinical Correlation: Insulin Production and Alzheimer Disease
294. Folder 18.4 Functional Considerations: Insulin Synthesis, an Example of Post-translational Processing
295. HISTOLOGY
296. PLATE 18.1 Liver I
297. PLATE 18.2 Liver II
298. PLATE 18.3 Gallbladder
299. PLATE 18.4 Pancreas
300. 19 Respiratory System
301. OVERVIEW OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
302. NASAL CAVITIES