Table of Contents

Laboratory Safety

Laboratory Protocol

Part 1 Basic Laboratory Techniques for Isolation, Cultivation, and Cultural Characterization of Microorganisms

1. Culture Transfer Techniques 

2. Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures

3. Cultural Characteristics of Microorganisms

Part 2 Microscopy

4. Microscopic Examination of Stained Cell Preparations

5. Microscopic Exami­na­tion of Living Microorganisms Using a Hanging-Drop Preparation or a Wet Mount

Part 3 Bacterial Staining

6. Preparation of Bacterial Smears

7. Simple Staining

8. Negative Staining

9. Gram Stain

10. Acid-Fast Stain

11. Differential Staining for Visualization of Bacterial Cell Structures

 Part 4 Cultivation of Microorganisms: Nutritional and Physical Requirements, and Enumeration of Microbial Populations

12. Nutritional Requirements: Media for the Routine Cultivation of Bacteria

13. Use of Differential, Selective, and Enriched Media

14. Physical Factors: Temperature

15. Physical Factors: pH of the Extracellular Environment

16. Physical Factors: Atmospheric Oxygen Requirements

17. Techniques for the Cultivation of Anaerobic Microorganisms

18. Serial Dilution—Agar Plate Procedure to Quantitate Viable Cells

19. The Bacterial Growth Curve

Part 5 Biochemical Activities of Microorganisms

20. Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Microorganisms

21. Carbohydrate Fermentation

22. Triple Sugar—Iron Agar Test

23. IMViC Test

24. Hydrogen Sulfide Test

25. Urease Test

26. Litmus-Milk Reactions

27. Nitrate Reduction Test

28. Catalase Test

29. Oxidase Test

30. Utilization of Amino Acids

31. Genus Identification of Unknown Bacterial Cultures

Part 6 The Protozoa

32. Free-Living Protozoa

33. Parasitic Protozoa

Part 7 The Fungi

34. Cultivation and Morphology of Molds

35. Yeast Morphology, Cultural Characteristics, and Reproduction

36. Identification of Unknown Fungi

Part 8 The Viruses

37. Cultivation and Enumeration of Bacteriophages

38. Isolation of Coliphages from Raw Sewage

39. Propagation of Isolated Bacteriophage Cultures

Part 9 Physical and Chemical Agents for the Control of Microbial Growth

40. Physical Agents of Control: Moist Heat

41. Physical Agents of Control: Electromagnetic Radiations

42. Chemical Agents of Control: Chemotherapeutic Agents

43. Determination of Penicillin Activity in the Presence and Absence of Penicillinase

44. Chemical Agents of Control: Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Part 10 Microbiology of Food

45. Microbiological Analysis of Food Products: Bacterial Count

46. Microbial Fermentation

Part 11 Microbiology of Water

47. Standard Qualitative Analysis of Water

48. Quantitative Analysis of Water: Membrane Filter Method

Part 12 Microbiology of Soil

49. Microbial Populations in Soil: Enumeration

50. Isolation of Antibiotic-Producing Microorganisms and Determination of Antimicrobial Spectrum of Isolates

51. Isolation of Pseudomonas Species by Means of the Enrichment Culture Technique

Part 13 Bacterial Genetics

52. Enzyme Induction

53. Bacterial Conjugation

54. Isolation of a Streptomycin-Resistant Mutant

55. The Ames Test: A Bacterial Test System for Chemical Carcinogenicity

Part 14 Biotechnology

56. Bacterial Transformation

57. Isolation of Bacterial Plasmids

58. Restriction Analysis and Electrophoretic Separation of Bacteriophage Lambda DNA

Part 15 Medical Microbiology

59. Microbial Flora of the Mouth: Determination of Susceptibility to Dental Caries

60. Normal Microbial Flora of the Throat and Skin

61. Identification of Human Staphylococcal Pathogens

62. Identification of Human Streptococcal Pathogens

63. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae

64. Identification of Enteric Microorganisms Using Computer-Assisted Multitest Microsystems

65. Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Campylobacter

66. Microbiological Analysis of Urine Specimens

67. Microbiological Analysis of Blood Specimens

68. Species Identification of Unknown Bacterial Cultures

Part 16 Immunology

69. Precipitin Reaction: The Ring Test

70. Agglutination Reaction: The Febrile Antibody Test

71. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

72. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Rapid Immunodiagnostic Procedures

Appendix 1. Scientific Notation

Appendix 2. Methods for the Preparation of Dilutions

Appendix 3. Microbiological Media

Appendix 4. Biochemical Test Reagents

Appendix 5. Staining Reagents

Appendix 6. Experimental Microorganisms